Many addiction recovery treatments are based on a 12-step recovery program. This program is time-honored, having been in use for over 80 years. Over the past century, however, numerous alternative therapies have been developed to replace traditional 12-step programs or to be used as a supplement.

Alternatives to Traditional Addiction Recovery Programs

Twelve-step programs began in 1935 with the birth of Alcoholics Anonymous, or AA. The steps refer to addiction as a disease, and aim to help addicts attain self-knowledge and make amends to people whom they may have harmed, among other things. The medical recovery community generally supports traditional 12-step programs as effective, especially through their use of mutual support systems, such as group meetings or using a sponsor for sobriety. Narcotics Anonymous (NA) follows AA’s model, focusing on drug addiction instead of alcoholism.

Although these programs are lauded for effectiveness by many, some take issue with various components of the steps. Many of the steps are spiritual in nature, with direct callouts to a higher power and God. Some people believe that religion should have no place in addiction recovery and may be turned off by the spiritual message. For these objectors, there are numerous secular alternatives that omit references to spirituality. Programs such as SMART Recovery and Life Ring are well-known secular programs that are increasing in popularity.

“Some believe that addiction can be completely cured through one’s own actions”

Definition of Addiction

Other issues with AA and NA include the definition of addiction as a disease. Some believe that addiction can be completely cured through one’s own actions – a sentiment that contradicts the 12-step program belief that addicts are powerless in the face of their addiction. In opposition to this 12-step program edict, some programs even permit substance use during recovery, believing that responsible alcohol use, for example, is possible during addiction. This view is a minority one among recovery programs but is gaining traction with some who disagree with AA’s views on sobriety.

Other alternatives have little, if anything, to do with defined steps and rules of recovery. These alternative recovery methods include actions that resemble self-care, such as exercise, swimming, yoga, meditation, massage, and alternative medicine-based practices. Some people attest to how exercise can completely cure addiction, while others see it as part of a healthy long-term plan to manage substance abuse.

When to avoid alternatives

Although alternatives are available, the decision to solely rely on these programs should be made with caution. Speak to your doctor about the benefits and risks of each alternative. Often, medical professionals will recommend sticking to a support-based program, either a traditional 12-step or secular choice, and encourage adding alternative recovery methods as a complement to therapies. Since many alternative recovery tools are also self-care techniques, they can be quite effective in supporting addiction management.

Err on the side of caution when incorporating recovery techniques that tout responsible substance use. Recovery is a long and hard road, and relapse can rear its ugly head at any time. It is a struggle. Drinking, even if it is a small amount, is a huge trigger for addictive behaviors.

It is also equally important to recognize all of your personal triggers and stressors, which can include social groups and activities. True recovery is not a meeting you attend or a moment of self-care; it is a life-change. In order to be sustainable, it should be well-thought out, and planned with your support network.

Jim Prager